01
Photogrammetry vs LiDAR - which one, when
Photogrammetry stitches overlapping aerial photos into an orthomosaic and a point cloud. Cheaper, faster, beautiful imagery, good vertical accuracy in open terrain. LiDAR fires laser pulses to build a point cloud directly. More expensive, slower, but penetrates vegetation canopy to surface real terrain underneath and produces higher-fidelity edge detail. Pick photogrammetry for open construction / mining / civil; LiDAR for forestry, dense vegetation, fine-detail engineering, or anywhere you need bare-earth DTM under tree cover.
02
Survey-grade vs mapping-grade vs indicative
Survey-grade: ±20-50mm vertical accuracy, requires ground control points (GCPs) plus RTK / PPK drone positioning. Used for cut-fill, contract volumes, statutory boundary work. Mapping-grade: ±100-300mm, GCPs optional, RTK/PPK drone. Used for design intent, progress monitoring, planning. Indicative: ±0.5-1m, no GCPs needed. Used for visualisation, marketing, rough volumes. Cost roughly triples from indicative to survey-grade - only spec survey-grade when you genuinely need it.
03
Stockpile volumes and earthworks
Drone volume measurement is now standard practice on mining and large civil sites. A single 20-minute flight over a quarry stockpile yard gives you all volumes within centimetres of accuracy, monthly. Compare against a ground survey: hours of crew time, less safe, no permanent record. For earthworks progress, regular flights compared against design surface produce cut/fill heatmaps that drive payment claims and progress meetings.
04
Deliverable formats and downstream workflow
Common outputs and their formats: orthomosaic (GeoTIFF), point cloud (LAS / LAZ), digital surface / terrain model (GeoTIFF), contours (DXF / Shapefile), volume calculations (PDF report + CSV), 3D mesh (OBJ / FBX). Civil and mining workflows usually want LandXML, Trimble / Topcon / Leica formats - name your CAD / GIS / fleet-management system in the brief and operators export accordingly.